Functions

Presence and time

Function	Description	Example
`has(x)`	Returns `true` if a trait or address is present on the profile. Use this instead of comparing a possibly missing trait directly to a value.	`has(profile.trait.Account.email)`
`now()`	Returns the current timestamp, evaluated when your snapshot is generated.	`timestamp(profile.trait.Account.lastPurchaseDate) < now()`
`timestamp(string)`	Parses an RFC 3339 timestamp string (for example, `timestamp("2026-01-01T00:00:00Z")`). Other date formats aren't supported. Only millisecond precision is kept (see timestamp precision and format). Use it to convert a trait that stores a date as a string.	`timestamp(profile.trait.Account.lastPurchaseDate) > timestamp("2026-01-01T00:00:00Z")`
`duration(string)`	Parses a Go-style duration string. You can combine units, as in `duration("1h30m")`. The argument must be a string literal rather than a trait, and it must resolve to a whole number of seconds. Sub-second precision (for example, `duration("1.5s")`) isn't supported. In practice, use `h` (hours), `m` (minutes), and `s` (seconds).	`now() - timestamp(profile.trait.Account.lastPurchaseDate) < duration("720h")`

Math

Function	Description	Example
`math.least(a, b, ...)`	Returns the smallest of the given values.	`math.least(profile.trait.Account.lifetimeValue, 500)`
`math.greatest(a, b, ...)`	Returns the largest of the given values.	`math.greatest(profile.trait.Account.lifetimeValue, 500)`

Type conversion

Function	Description	Example
`string(x)`	Converts a value to a string. A `double` keeps its decimal point, so `string(1.0)` returns `"1.0"`. See converting numbers to strings.	`string(profile.trait.Account.age)`
`int(x)`	Converts a value to an integer. Truncates decimals toward zero instead of rounding, so `int(2.7)` returns `2`.	`int(profile.trait.Account.lifetimeValue)`
`double(x)`	Converts a value to a floating-point number.	`double(profile.trait.Account.age)`

(information)

Info

Both sides of a comparison must evaluate to the same data type. If you need to compare fields with differing types, such as a numeric string and an integer, use a type conversion function (int(), string(), or double()) to reconcile them. See type matching for the full rules.

String methods

Call these as methods on a string value.

Method	Description	Example
`.contains(substring)`	Returns `true` if the string contains `substring`.	`profile.trait.Account.email.contains("@example.com")`
`.startsWith(prefix)`	Returns `true` if the string starts with `prefix`.	`profile.trait.Account.email.startsWith("jane")`
`.endsWith(suffix)`	Returns `true` if the string ends with `suffix`.	`profile.trait.Account.email.endsWith("@example.com")`

List operations

Operation	Description	Example
`size(list)`	Returns the number of items in a list.	`size(profile.address.email) > 1`
`list.exists(x, condition)`	Returns `true` if at least one item in the list satisfies `condition`.	`profile.address.email.exists(e, e.endsWith("@example.com"))`
`list.all(x, condition)`	Returns `true` if every item in the list satisfies `condition`.	`profile.address.phone.all(p, p.startsWith("+1"))`
`list.exists_one(x, condition)`	Returns `true` if exactly one item in the list satisfies `condition`.	`profile.address.email.exists_one(e, e == "jane@example.com")`
`list.filter(x, condition)`	Returns a new list that contains only the items satisfying `condition`.	`profile.address.email.filter(e, e.endsWith("@example.com"))`

The size() function also accepts a string and returns its length, as in size(profile.trait.Account.name) > 3.

Cohorts currently doesn't support list transformation with .map(), regular expressions with matches(), math.abs(), or map literals such as {"a": 1}.

Next steps

Learn about type matching.
Review example criteria for common filtering patterns.
Learn about null handling.